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Comparison of Microsoft Windows versionsMicrosoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUI). General informationBasic general information about Windows. |
Windows 1.0 | 1985-11-20 | ? | 1.04 (1987-04-08) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | | ? | ? | 16-bit | | Desktop | First version of Windows | Windows 2.0 | 1987-12-09 | ? | 2.03 (1987-12-09) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | | ? | ? | 16-bit | | Desktop | | Windows 2.1x | 1988-05-27 | ? | 2.11 (1989-03-13) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | | ? | ? | 16-bit | | Desktop | | Windows 3.0 | 1990-05-22 | ? | 3.0a Multimedia Extensions (1991-10-20) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | | DOS 3.1 or higher (not included) | ? | 16-bit | Windows 3.0, Windows 3.0a, Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions | Desktop | | Windows 3.1x | 1992-04-06 | 040 | 3.11 (1993-12-31) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | 3.1: Janus; for Workgroups: Kato, Sparta; 3.11: Snowball (LB) | DOS 3.3 or higher (not included) | ? | 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility with Win32s) | Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows for Workgroups 3.11, Windows 3.2 (simplified Chinese only) | Desktop | Version number: 3.1.040 | Windows 95 | 1995-08-24 | 950 | 4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Chicago | MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x) | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5 | Desktop | Version number: 4.00.950 | Windows 98 | 1998-06-25 | 1998 | 4.10.2222A (1999-04-23) | Unsupported (2006-07-11) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Memphis | MS-DOS 7.1 | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | First edition, Second Edition | Desktop | Version number: 4.10.1998 (Security Version 4.10.1998A) | Windows Me | 2000-06-19 | 3000 | 4.90.3000 (2000-09-14) | Unsupported (2006-07-11) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Millennium | MS-DOS 8.0 | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | | Desktop | Version number: 4.90.3000 (Security Version 4.90.3000A) |
NT Kernel-based|
Windows NT 3.1 | 1993-07-27 | 528 | 3.10.528 SP3 (1994-11-10) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | ? | NT 3.1 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | Workstation, Advanced Server | Workstation, Server | Windows NT 3.5 | 1994-09-21 | 807 | 3.50.807 SP3 (1995-06-21) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Daytona | NT 3.5 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | Workstation, Server | Workstation, Server | Windows NT 3.51 | 1995-05-30 | 1057 | 3.51.1057 SP5 (1996-09-19) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | ? | NT 3.51 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation, Server | Workstation, Server | Windows NT 4.0 | 1996-08-24 | 1381 | 4.00.1381 SP6a (1999-11-30) | Unsupported (2004-12-31) | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Cairo Hydra (Terminal Server) | NT 4.0 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded | Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs | Windows 2000 | 2000-02-17 | 2195 | 5.0 SP4 Rollup 1 v2 (2005-09-13) | Unsupported (2010-07-13) | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Memphis NT | NT 5.0 | x86-32, IA-64 | Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server, Powered (Embedded) | Desktop, Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs | Windows XP | 2001-10-25 | 2600 | 5.1.2600 SP3 (2008-04-21) | Extended Support Period (2014-04-08) | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Whistler | NT 5.1; NT 5.2 (64-bit 2003 and x64) | x86-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Starter Edition, Home, Professional, Media Center, Tablet PC, Starter, Embedded, Home N, Home K, Home KN, Professional N, Professional K, Professional KN, Professional x64 | Desktop, Workstation, Embedded PCs | Windows Server 2003 | 2003-04-24 | 3790 | 5.2.3790 SP2 (2007-03-13) | Supported | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Whistler Server, Windows .NET Server | NT 5.2 | x86-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster | Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC | Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | 2006-07-08 | 2600 | RTM (2006-07-08) | Supported | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Eiger, Monch | NT 5.1 | x86-32 | Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | Desktop | Windows Vista | 2006-11-08 | 6000 (SP2: 6002) | 6.0 SP2 (2009-04-28) | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Longhorn | NT 6.0 | x86-32, x86-64 | Starter, Home Basic,Home Basic N, Home Basic K, Home Basic KN, Home Premium, Home Premium K, Home Premium KN, Business, Business N, Business K, Business KN, Enterprise, Enterprise K, Enterprise KN, Ultimate, Ultimate K, Ultimate KN | Desktop, Workstation | Windows Server 2008 | 2008-02-27 | 6001 (SP2: 6002) | 6.0 SP2 (2008-02-27) | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Longhorn Server | NT 6.0 | x86-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Web, Standard, Enterprise, Small Business Server, Datacenter, Web Core, Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, Standard without HyperV, Enterprise without HyperV, Datacenter without HyperV, Standard Core without HyperV, Enterprise Core without HyperV, Datacenter Core without HyperV, HPC, HyperV Core, Foundation, Storage | Server | Windows Home Server | 2007-06-16 | 3790 | 5.2 | Supported | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Q, Quattro | NT 5.2 | x86-32, x86-64 | Home Server | Server | Windows 7
| 2009-10-22[2] | 7600 (SP1: 7601) | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | "7", Vienna | NT 6.1 | x86-32, x86-64 | Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, Enterprise, Starter N, Home Basic N, Home Premium N, Professional N, Ultimate N, Enterprise N, Starter K, Home Basic K, Home Premium K, Professional K, Ultimate K, Enterprise K, Starter KN, Home Basic KN, Home Premium KN, Professional KN, Ultimate KN, Enterprise KN, Starter E, Home Basic E, Home Premium E, Professional E, Ultimate E, Enterprise E | Desktop, Workstation, Multi-Touch | Windows Server 2008 R2
| 2009-10-22 | 7600 (SP1: 7601) | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | "7" Server | NT 6.1 | IA-64, x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, Web Core | Server | Windows Home Server 2011 | 2011-04-05 | 8400 | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source/ Microsoft EULA | Vail | NT 6.1 | x86-64 | Home Server | Server | Windows Server 2012
| 2012-9-4 | 9200 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | "8" Server | NT 6.2 | x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, Web Core | Server | Windows 8 | 2012-10-26 | 9200 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | "8" | NT 6.2 | x86-32, x86-64, ARM Architecture | Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8 Enterprise, Windows RT, Windows 8 N, Windows 8 Pro N, Windows 8 Enterprise N | Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch | Windows Phone 8 | 2012-10-29 | 10211 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Apollo, Portico | NT 6.2 | ARM Architecture | Windows Phone 8 | Smartphone, Multitouch |
CE-basedWindows CE (sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors. |
Windows CE 1.0 | November 1996 | | | | | Pegasus, Alder | CE 1.0 | | | | Embedded | first release of Microsoft's Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems | Windows CE 2.0 | November 1997 | | | | | Mercury, Apollo | CE 2.0 | | | 2.1, 2.11 | Embedded | | Windows CE 3.0 | April 2000 | | | Unsupported (10/9/2007) | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger | CE 3.0 | Embedded kernel | | | Embedded | | Windows Pocket PC 2002 | | | | | | | CE 3.0 | | | | | | Windows CE 4.0 | 7 January 2002 | | | | | Talisker | CE 4.0 | | | 4.1, 4.2 | Embedded | | Windows Mobile 2003 | 23 June 2003 | | | | | Ozone | CE 4.20 | | | | | | Windows CE 5.0 | 9 July 2004 | | 5.0 (9 July 2004) | Supported | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Macallan | CE 5.0 | Embedded kernel | | | Embedded | | Windows Mobile 5.0 | 9–12 May 2005 | | | | | Magneto | CE 5.0 | | | | | | Windows Embedded CE 6.0 | 1 November 2006 | | | | Shared source/ Microsoft EULA | Yamazaki | CE 6.0 | Hybrid kernel | | | | | Windows Mobile 6.0 | 12 February 2007 | | | | | Crossbow | CE 5.2 | | | | | | Windows Mobile 6.1 | 1 April 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | various performance enhancements, a redesigned Home screen, threaded SMS, full page zooming in IE and Domain Enroll | Windows Mobile 6.5 | May 18, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | minor upgrade to the existing Windows Mobile platform | Windows Phone 7 | November 8, 2010 | | | | | Photon | CE 6.0 | | | | | major update to the platform, merging Smartphone and Pocket PC. | Windows Phone 7.5 | November , 2011 | | | | | Mango | CE 6.1 | | | | | update of Windows Phone. |
Technical information NT Kernel-basedThe NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It runs on x86, x86-64 and Itanium processors. |
Windows NT 3.1 | NT 3.1 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes (NTFS and HPFS Volumes only) | | | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | Windows NT 3.5 | NT 3.5 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes (Except on CDFS volumes) | | | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | Windows NT 3.51 | NT 3.51 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes (Except on CDFS volumes) | | | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | Windows NT 4.0 | NT 4.0 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (if the Ion USB update is installed) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed) | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | Windows 2000 | NT 5.0 | 32/64-bit | No | Yes | Yes (IA-64/Itanium in Advanced Server and Datacenter Server) | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)[3] | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | Yes | No | Windows XP | NT 5.1.2600; NT 5.2.3790 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes (Professional Edition only) | Yes (IA-64/Itanium, x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)[4] | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes (in SP2) | Windows Server 2003 | NT 5.2.3790 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0)[5] | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32 | Yes | Yes (in SP1) | Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | NT 5.1.2600 | 32-bit | Yes | ? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32 | Yes | Yes | Windows Vista | NT 6.0.6000 ; NT 6.0.6001 (SP1) ; NT 6.0.6002 (SP2) | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate) | Yes | Yes | Windows Server 2008 | NT 6.0.6001 ; NT 6.0.6002 (SP2) | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (IA-64/Itanium, x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update Application | Win32 | Yes | Yes | Windows Home Server | NT 5.2 | 32-bit | ? | ? | ? | Yes (USB 2.0) | ? | Yes | | | Win32 | ? | ? | Windows 7 | NT 6.1 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes | Windows Server 2008 R2 | NT 6.1 | 64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (IA-64/Itanium, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes | Windows Home Server 2011 | NT 6.1 | 64-bit | ? | ? | ? | Yes (USB 2.0) | ? | Yes | | | Win32 | ? | ? | Windows Server 2012 | NT 6.2 | 64-bit | Yes | Yes | No (x86-64) | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes | Windows 8 | NT 6.2 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (x86, x86-64,ARM) | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes | Windows Phone 8 | NT 6.2 | 32bit | Yes | Yes | No (ARM) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | | Windows Update | WinRT | Yes | Yes |
Supported file systemsVarious versions of Windows support various file systems, including: FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical discs such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support ExFAT, a file system more suitable for flash drives. |
Windows 95 | Yes | Yes (OSR2 or above) | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | No | Windows 98 | Yes | Yes | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | Yes (1.5, read) | Windows Me | Yes | Yes | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | Yes (1.5, read) |
NT Kernel-based Hardware requirementsMinimum/recommended system requirements (for x86 processors) 9x Kernel-based NT Kernel-based Physical memory limitsMaximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on the both the Windows version and between 32-bit (x86-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) versions.[6][7] 9x Kernel-basedVersion | Limit in 32-bit Windows | Limit in 64-bit Windows |
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Windows 95 | 480 MB [8] | N/A | Windows 98 | 1 GB | N/A | Windows Me | 1.5 GB | N/A |
NT Kernel-basedVersion | Limit in 32-bit Windows | Limit in 64-bit Windows |
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Windows NT 4.0 | 4 GB | N/A | Windows 2000 Professional\Server | 4 GB | N/A | Windows 2000 Advanced Server\Datacenter Server | 4 GB | 64 GB | Windows XP Starter Edition | 512 MB | N/A | Windows XP Home | 4 GB | N/A | Windows XP Professional | 4 GB | 128 GB | Windows Server 2003 Small Business Edition | 4 GB | 128 GB | Windows Server 2003 Standard SP1 | 4 GB | 32 GB | Windows Server 2003 Enterprise SP2\Datacenter SP2\ | 64 GB | 1 TB | Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard | 4 GB | 1 TB | Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise\Datacenter | 64 GB | 1 TB | Windows Vista Starter | 1 GB | N/A | Windows Vista Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB | Windows Vista Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB | Windows Vista Enterprise\Ultimate | 4 GB | 128 GB | Windows Server 2008 Web Server\Standard | 4 GB | 32 GB | Windows Server 2008 Enterprise\Datacenter | 64 GB | 1 TB | Windows 7 Starter | 2 GB | N/A | Windows 7 Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB | Windows 7 Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB | Windows 7 Professional\Enterprise\Ultimate | 4 GB | 192 GB | Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server\Standard | N/A | 32 GB | Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise\Datacenter | N/A | 2 TB | Windows Server 2012 Web Server\Standard | N/A | 32 GB | Windows Server 2012 Enterprise\Datacenter | N/A | 4 TB | Windows RT | 4 GB | N/A | Windows 8 | 4 GB | 32 GB | Windows 8 Pro\Enterprise | 4 GB | 192 GB | Windows Phone 8 | 4 GB | N/A |
Security features NT Kernel-based|
Windows 2000 | ACLs | | TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes (NTFS Only) | Windows XP | ACLs | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall (From SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes (NTFS Only) | Windows Server 2003 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Windows Vista | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Windows Server 2008 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Windows 7 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Windows Server 2012 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes | Windows 8 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Features|
Windows 1.0 | MS-DOS executive | | No | | | | Windows 2.0 | MS-DOS executive | | No | | | | Windows 3.0 | Program Manager | | No | | | | Windows 3.1x | Program Manager | | No | | | | Windows 95 | Windows Explorer | | 2.0 in OSR1, 3.0 in OSR2 and OSR2.1, 4.0 in OSR2.5 | | | COMMAND.COM | Windows NT 4.0 | Windows Explorer | | 2.0 | | | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe | Windows 98 | Windows Explorer | | 4.01 | PWS | | COMMAND.COM | Windows 98 SE | Windows Explorer | | 5.0 | PWS | 6.0 | COMMAND.COM | Windows 2000 | Windows Explorer | | 5.01 | IIS 5.0 | 6.4 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe | Windows Me | Windows Explorer | | 5.5 | | 7.0 | COMMAND.COM | Windows XP | Windows Explorer | Luna (Blue standard) | 6.0 | IIS 5.1 | 8 (9 in SP2) | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) | Windows Server 2003 | Windows Explorer | Classic (Luna can be enabled with Theme Service) | 6.0 | IIS 6.0 | 9 (10 in SP1) | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) | Windows Vista | Windows Explorer | Aero Glass | 7.0 | IIS 7 | 11 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) | Windows Server 2008 | Windows Explorer | Classic (Aero can be enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | 7.0 | IIS 7 | 11 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) | Windows 7 | Windows Explorer | Aero Glass | 8.0 | IIS 7.5 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V2 | Windows Server 2008 R2 | Windows Explorer | Classic (Aero can be enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | 8.0 | IIS 7.5 | 12 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V2 | Windows Server 2012 | Windows Explorer | Classic-Metro, (Aero-Metro can be enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | 10.0 | IIS 8 | 12 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V3 | Windows 8 | Windows Explorer | Aero Modern | 10.0 | IIS 8 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V3 |
See also | Microsoft portal |
Other Microsoft operating systems- Xenix - licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in the '90s
- OS/2 - developed jointly with IBM
- DOS
- MS-DOS - developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22
- MSX-DOS - developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer
- MDOS/MIDAS - designed for the 8080/Z80 microprocessors in 1979
- Cairo (operating system) - a cancelled "true object-oriented OS" planned after Windows NT
- Singularity - Microsoft Research project started in 2003 to build a highly-dependable operating system in which the kernel, device driver, and applications are all written in managed code
- WinPE - lightweight version of Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista or Windows 8 that is used for the deployment of workstations and servers by large corporations.
- Windows To Go: Windows 8 feature that runs the entire system from a USB device
Windows clones, emulators, etc.- Freedows OS - Windows clone
- TinyKRNL - open source kernel based on Windows's NT design
- ReactOS - project to develop an operating system that is binary-compatible with application software and device drivers for Microsoft Windows NT version 5.x
- E/OS - Linux distribution which allow to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, BeOS, OS/2, DOS, and Linux
- Wine (software) - compatibility layer which allows to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows
Further reading- Architecture of the Windows NT operating system line
- Microsoft codenames
References- ^ "StatCounter Operating System Market Share". November 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012. Courtesy of StatCounter, a web analytics company which obtains its data from an average of 15 billion hits per month, by people from all over the world onto their 3 million+ member sites.
- ^ LeBlanc, Brandon (June 2, 2009). "The Date for General Availability (GA) of Windows 7 is...". The Windows Blog. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "Updated USB 2.0 Drivers Are Available in Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 (SP4)". Microsoft Support. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ Jones, Don (August 5, 2002). "USB 2.0 Support in Windows XP: High Speed at Last". Microsoft. Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "USB 2.0 and Windows Operating Systems". Windows Hardware Development. May 11, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?". Crucial. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "Memory Limits for Windows Releases". Microsoft. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ Chen, Raymond. "Windows 95 doesn't boot with more than 1GB of RAM".
External links Official Programming Reference Websites |
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