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HTML 5 Reference Manual Abstract This specification defines the 5th major version, first minor revision of the core language of the World Wide Web: the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In this version, new features continue to be introduced to help Web application authors, new elements continue to be introduced based on research into prevailing authoring practices, and special attention continues to be given to defining clear conformance criteria for user agents in an effort to improve interoperability.
Status of This document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
If you wish to make comments regarding this document in a manner that is tracked by the W3C, please submit them via using our public bug database . If you cannot do this then you can also e-mail feedback to [email protected] (subscribe , archives ), and arrangements will be made to transpose the comments to our public bug database. All feedback is welcome.
The bulk of the text of this specification is also available in the WHATWG HTML Living Standard , under a license that permits reuse of the specification text.
The working groups maintains a list of all bug reports that the editors have not yet tried to address and a list of issues for which the chairs have not yet declared a decision . These bugs and issues apply to multiple HTML-related specifications, not just this one.
Implementors should be aware that this specification is not stable. Implementors who are not taking part in the discussions are likely to find the specification changing out from under them in incompatible ways. Vendors interested in implementing this specification before it eventually reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage should join the aforementioned mailing lists and take part in the discussions.
Publication as a First Public Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
The latest stable version of the editor's draft of this specification is always available on the W3C CVS server . There are various ways to follow the change history for this specification:
Browsable version-control record of all changes: Github repository (real-time updates): https://github.com/w3c/html/commits/master CVSWeb interface (hourly updates): http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/spec/ E-mail notifications of changes: HTML-Commits mailing list (commit notifications for dev.w3.org/html5): http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html-commits/latest The W3C HTML Working Group is the W3C working group responsible for this specification's progress along the W3C Recommendation track. This specification is the 17 December 2012 Working Draft.
Work on this specification is also done at the WHATWG . The W3C HTML working group actively pursues convergence with the WHATWG, as required by the W3C HTML working group charter . There are various ways to follow this work at the WHATWG:
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy . W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy .
Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Audience 1.3 Scope 1.4 History 1.5 Design notes 1.5.1 Serializability of script execution 1.5.2 Compliance with other specifications 1.6 HTML vs XHTML 1.7 Structure of this specification 1.7.1 How to read this specification 1.7.2 Typographic conventions 1.8 Privacy concerns 1.9 A quick introduction to HTML 1.9.1 Writing secure applications with HTML 1.9.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs 1.10 Conformance requirements for authors 1.10.1 Presentational markup 1.10.2 Syntax errors 1.10.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values 1.11 Suggested reading 2 Common infrastructure 2.1 Terminology 2.1.1 Resources 2.1.2 XML 2.1.3 DOM trees 2.1.4 Scripting 2.1.5 Plugins 2.1.6 Character encodings 2.2 Conformance requirements 2.2.1 Conformance classes 2.2.2 Dependencies 2.2.3 Extensibility 2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison 2.4 UTF-8 2.5 Common microsyntaxes 2.5.1 Common parser idioms 2.5.2 Boolean attributes 2.5.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes 2.5.4 Numbers 2.5.4.1 Signed integers 2.5.4.2 Non-negative integers 2.5.4.3 Floating-point numbers 2.5.4.4 Percentages and lengths 2.5.4.5 Lists of integers 2.5.4.6 Lists of dimensions 2.5.5 Dates and times 2.5.5.1 Months 2.5.5.2 Dates 2.5.5.3 Yearless dates 2.5.5.4 Times 2.5.5.5 Local dates and times 2.5.5.6 Time zones 2.5.5.7 Global dates and times 2.5.5.8 Weeks 2.5.5.9 Durations 2.5.5.10 Vaguer moments in time 2.5.6 Colors 2.5.7 Space-separated tokens 2.5.8 Comma-separated tokens 2.5.9 References 2.5.10 Media queries 2.6 URLs 2.6.1 Terminology 2.6.2 Parsing URLs 2.6.3 Base URLs 2.6.4 Resolving URLs 2.6.5 URL manipulation and creation 2.6.6 Dynamic changes to base URLs 2.6.7 Interfaces for URL manipulation 2.7 Fetching resources 2.7.1 Terminology 2.7.2 Processing model 2.7.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns 2.7.4 Determining the type of a resource 2.7.5 Extracting character encodings from meta
elements 2.7.6 CORS settings attributes 2.7.7 CORS-enabled fetch 2.8 Common DOM interfaces 2.8.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes 2.8.2 Collections 2.8.2.1 HTMLAllCollection 2.8.2.2 HTMLFormControlsCollection 2.8.2.3 HTMLOptionsCollection 2.8.3 DOMStringMap 2.8.4 Transferable objects 2.8.5 Safe passing of structured data 2.8.6 DOM feature strings 2.8.7 Garbage collection 2.9 Namespaces 3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents 3.1 Documents 3.1.1 The Document
object 3.1.2 Security 3.1.3 Resource metadata management 3.1.4 DOM tree accessors 3.1.5 Loading XML documents 3.2 Elements 3.2.1 Semantics 3.2.2 Elements in the DOM 3.2.3 Global attributes 3.2.3.1 The id
attribute 3.2.3.2 The title
attribute 3.2.3.3 The lang
and xml:lang
attributes 3.2.3.4 The translate
attribute 3.2.3.5 The xml:base
attribute (XML only) 3.2.3.6 The dir
attribute 3.2.3.7 The class
attribute 3.2.3.8 The style
attribute 3.2.3.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-*
attributes 3.2.4 Element definitions 3.2.4.1 Attributes 3.2.5 Content models 3.2.5.1 Kinds of content 3.2.5.1.1 Metadata content 3.2.5.1.2 Flow content 3.2.5.1.3 Sectioning content 3.2.5.1.4 Heading content 3.2.5.1.5 Phrasing content 3.2.5.1.6 Embedded content 3.2.5.1.7 Interactive content 3.2.5.1.8 Palpable content 3.2.5.2 Transparent content models 3.2.5.3 Paragraphs 3.2.6 Requirements relating to bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters 3.2.7 WAI-ARIA 3.2.7.1 ARIA Role Attribute 3.2.7.2 State and Property Attributes 3.2.7.3 Strong Native Semantics 3.2.7.4 Implicit ARIA Semantics 3.3 Interactions with XPath and XSLT 3.4 Dynamic markup insertion 3.4.1 Opening the input stream 3.4.2 Closing the input stream 3.4.3 document.write()
3.4.4 document.writeln()
4 The elements of HTML 4.1 The root element 4.1.1 The html
element 4.2 Document metadata 4.2.1 The head
element 4.2.2 The title
element 4.2.3 The base
element 4.2.4 The link
element 4.2.5 The meta
element 4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names 4.2.5.2 Other metadata names 4.2.5.3 Pragma directives 4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives 4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding 4.2.6 The style
element 4.2.7 Styling 4.3 Scripting 4.3.1 The script
element 4.3.1.1 Scripting languages 4.3.1.2 Restrictions for contents of script
elements 4.3.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts 4.3.1.4 Interaction of script
elements and XSLT 4.3.2 The noscript
element 4.4 Sections 4.4.1 The body
element 4.4.2 The article
element 4.4.3 The section
element 4.4.4 The nav
element 4.4.5 The aside
element 4.4.6 The h1
, h2
, h3
, h4
, h5
, and h6
elements 4.4.7 The hgroup
element 4.4.8 The header
element 4.4.9 The footer
element 4.4.10 The address
element 4.4.11 Headings and sections 4.4.11.1 Creating an outline 4.4.12 Usage summary 4.5 Grouping content 4.5.1 The p
element 4.5.2 The hr
element 4.5.3 The pre
element 4.5.4 The blockquote
element 4.5.5 The ol
element 4.5.6 The ul
element 4.5.7 The li
element 4.5.8 The dl
element 4.5.9 The dt
element 4.5.10 The dd
element 4.5.11 The figure
element 4.5.12 The figcaption
element 4.5.13 The div
element 4.6 Text-level semantics 4.6.1 The a
element 4.6.2 The em
element 4.6.3 The strong
element 4.6.4 The small
element 4.6.5 The s
element 4.6.6 The cite
element 4.6.7 The q
element 4.6.8 The dfn
element 4.6.9 The abbr
element 4.6.10 The time
element 4.6.11 The code
element 4.6.12 The var
element 4.6.13 The samp
element 4.6.14 The kbd
element 4.6.15 The sub
and sup
elements 4.6.16 The i
element 4.6.17 The b
element 4.6.18 The u
element 4.6.19 The mark
element 4.6.20 The ruby
element 4.6.21 The rt
element 4.6.22 The rp
element 4.6.23 The bdi
element 4.6.24 The bdo
element 4.6.25 The span
element 4.6.26 The br
element 4.6.27 The wbr
element 4.6.28 Usage summary 4.7 Edits 4.7.1 The ins
element 4.7.2 The del
element 4.7.3 Attributes common to ins
and del
elements 4.7.4 Edits and paragraphs 4.7.5 Edits and lists 4.7.6 Edits and tables 4.8 Embedded content 4.8.1 The img
element 4.8.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images 4.8.1.1.1 General guidelines 4.8.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image 4.8.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations 4.8.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos 4.8.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect 4.8.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text 4.8.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information 4.8.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links 4.8.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links 4.8.1.1.10 A key part of the content 4.8.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user 4.8.1.1.12 Guidance for markup generators 4.8.1.1.13 Guidance for conformance checkers 4.8.2 The iframe
element 4.8.3 The embed
element 4.8.4 The object
element 4.8.5 The param
element 4.8.6 The video
element 4.8.7 The audio
element 4.8.8 The source
element 4.8.9 The track
element 4.8.10 Media elements 4.8.10.1 Error codes 4.8.10.2 Location of the media resource 4.8.10.3 MIME types 4.8.10.4 Network states 4.8.10.5 Loading the media resource 4.8.10.6 Offsets into the media resource 4.8.10.7 Ready states 4.8.10.8 Playing the media resource 4.8.10.9 Seeking 4.8.10.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks 4.8.10.10.1 AudioTrackList
and VideoTrackList
objects 4.8.10.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively 4.8.10.11 Synchronising multiple media elements 4.8.10.11.1 Introduction 4.8.10.11.2 Media controllers 4.8.10.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively 4.8.10.12 Timed text tracks 4.8.10.12.1 Text track model 4.8.10.12.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks 4.8.10.12.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks 4.8.10.12.4 Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues 4.8.10.12.5 Text track API 4.8.10.12.6 Text tracks describing chapters 4.8.10.12.7 Event definitions 4.8.10.13 User interface 4.8.10.14 Time ranges 4.8.10.15 Event definitions 4.8.10.16 Event summary 4.8.10.17 Security and privacy considerations 4.8.10.18 Best practices for authors using media elements 4.8.10.19 Best practices for implementors of media elements 4.8.11 The canvas
element 4.8.11.1 Color spaces and color correction 4.8.11.2 Security with canvas
elements 4.8.12 The map
element 4.8.13 The area
element 4.8.14 Image maps 4.8.14.1 Authoring 4.8.14.2 Processing model 4.8.15 MathML 4.8.16 SVG 4.8.17 Dimension attributes 4.9 Tabular data 4.9.1 The table
element 4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables 4.9.1.2 Techniques for table layout 4.9.2 The caption
element 4.9.3 The colgroup
element 4.9.4 The col
element 4.9.5 The tbody
element 4.9.6 The thead
element 4.9.7 The tfoot
element 4.9.8 The tr
element 4.9.9 The td
element 4.9.10 The th
element 4.9.11 Attributes common to td
and th
elements 4.9.12 Processing model 4.9.12.1 Forming a table 4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells 4.9.13 Examples 4.10 Forms 4.10.1 Introduction 4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface 4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form 4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server 4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation 4.10.1.5 Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls 4.10.1.6 Improving the user experience on mobile devices 4.10.1.7 The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality 4.10.1.8 Date, time, and number formats 4.10.2 Categories 4.10.3 The form
element 4.10.4 The fieldset
element 4.10.5 The legend
element 4.10.6 The label
element 4.10.7 The input
element 4.10.7.1 States of the type
attribute 4.10.7.1.1 Hidden state (type=hidden
) 4.10.7.1.2 Text (type=text
) state and Search state (type=search
) 4.10.7.1.3 Telephone state (type=tel
) 4.10.7.1.4 URL state (type=url
) 4.10.7.1.5 E-mail state (type=email
) 4.10.7.1.6 Password state (type=password
) 4.10.7.1.7 Date and Time state (type=datetime
) 4.10.7.1.8 Date state (type=date
) 4.10.7.1.9 Month state (type=month
) 4.10.7.1.10 Week state (type=week
) 4.10.7.1.11 Time state (type=time
) 4.10.7.1.12 Local Date and Time state (type=datetime-local
) 4.10.7.1.13 Number state (type=number
) 4.10.7.1.14 Range state (type=range
) 4.10.7.1.15 Color state (type=color
) 4.10.7.1.16 Checkbox state (type=checkbox
) 4.10.7.1.17 Radio Button state (type=radio
) 4.10.7.1.18 File Upload state (type=file
) 4.10.7.1.19 Submit Button state (type=submit
) 4.10.7.1.20 Image Button state (type=image
) 4.10.7.1.21 Reset Button state (type=reset
) 4.10.7.1.22 Button state (type=button
) 4.10.7.2 Implemention notes regarding localization of form controls 4.10.7.3 Common input
element attributes 4.10.7.3.1 The maxlength
attribute 4.10.7.3.2 The size
attribute 4.10.7.3.3 The readonly
attribute 4.10.7.3.4 The required
attribute 4.10.7.3.5 The multiple
attribute 4.10.7.3.6 The pattern
attribute 4.10.7.3.7 The min
and max
attributes 4.10.7.3.8 The step
attribute 4.10.7.3.9 The list
attribute 4.10.7.3.10 The placeholder
attribute 4.10.7.4 Common input
element APIs 4.10.7.5 Common event behaviors 4.10.8 The button
element 4.10.9 The select
element 4.10.10 The datalist
element 4.10.11 The optgroup
element 4.10.12 The option
element 4.10.13 The textarea
element 4.10.14 The keygen
element 4.10.15 The output
element 4.10.16 The progress
element 4.10.17 The meter
element 4.10.18 Form control infrastructure 4.10.18.1 A form control's value 4.10.18.2 Mutability 4.10.18.3 Association of controls and forms 4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls 4.10.19.1 Naming form controls: the name
attribute 4.10.19.2 Submitting element directionality: the dirname
attribute 4.10.19.3 Limiting user input length: the maxlength
attribute 4.10.19.4 Enabling and disabling form controls: the disabled
attribute 4.10.19.5 Form submission 4.10.19.6 Autofocusing a form control: the autofocus
attribute 4.10.19.7 Input modalities: the inputmode
attribute 4.10.19.8 Autofilling form controls: the autocomplete
attribute 4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections 4.10.21 Constraints 4.10.21.1 Definitions 4.10.21.2 Constraint validation 4.10.21.3 The constraint validation API 4.10.21.4 Security 4.10.22 Form submission 4.10.22.1 Introduction 4.10.22.2 Implicit submission 4.10.22.3 Form submission algorithm 4.10.22.4 Constructing the form data set 4.10.22.5 URL-encoded form data 4.10.22.6 Multipart form data 4.10.22.7 Plain text form data 4.10.23 Resetting a form 4.11 Interactive elements 4.11.1 The details
element 4.11.2 The summary
element 4.11.3 The command
element 4.11.4 The menu
element 4.11.4.1 Introduction 4.11.4.2 Building menus and toolbars 4.11.4.3 Context menus 4.11.4.4 Toolbars 4.11.5 Commands 4.11.5.1 Using the a
element to define a command 4.11.5.2 Using the button
element to define a command 4.11.5.3 Using the input
element to define a command 4.11.5.4 Using the option
element to define a command 4.11.5.5 Using the command
element to define a command 4.11.5.6 Using the command
attribute on command
elements to define a command indirectly 4.11.5.7 Using the accesskey
attribute on a label
element to define a command 4.11.5.8 Using the accesskey
attribute on a legend
element to define a command 4.11.5.9 Using the accesskey
attribute to define a command on other elements 4.11.6 The dialog
element 4.11.6.1 Anchor points 4.12 Links 4.12.1 Introduction 4.12.2 Links created by a
and area
elements 4.12.3 Following hyperlinks 4.12.4 Downloading resources 4.12.4.1 Hyperlink auditing 4.12.5 Link types 4.12.5.1 Link type "alternate
" 4.12.5.2 Link type "author
" 4.12.5.3 Link type "bookmark
" 4.12.5.4 Link type "help
" 4.12.5.5 Link type "icon
" 4.12.5.6 Link type "license
" 4.12.5.7 Link type "nofollow
" 4.12.5.8 Link type "noreferrer
" 4.12.5.9 Link type "prefetch
" 4.12.5.10 Link type "search
" 4.12.5.11 Link type "stylesheet
" 4.12.5.12 Link type "tag
" 4.12.5.13 Sequential link types 4.12.5.13.1 Link type "next
" 4.12.5.13.2 Link type "prev
" 4.12.5.14 Other link types 4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements 4.13.1 The main part of the content 4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation 4.13.3 Tag clouds 4.13.4 Conversations 4.13.5 Footnotes 4.14 Disabled elements 4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors 4.15.1 Case-sensitivity 4.15.2 Pseudo-classes 5 Loading Web pages 5.1 Browsing contexts 5.1.1 Nested browsing contexts 5.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM 5.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts 5.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM 5.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts 5.1.4 Security 5.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts 5.1.6 Browsing context names 5.2 The Window
object 5.2.1 Security 5.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name 5.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts 5.2.4 Named access on the Window
object 5.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts 5.2.6 Closing browsing contexts 5.2.7 Browser interface elements 5.2.8 The WindowProxy
object 5.3 Origin 5.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction 5.4 Sandboxing 5.5 Session history and navigation 5.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts 5.5.2 The History
interface 5.5.3 The Location
interface 5.5.3.1 Security 5.5.4 Implementation notes for session history 5.6 Browsing the Web 5.6.1 Navigating across documents 5.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files 5.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files 5.6.4 Page load processing model for text files 5.6.5 Page load processing model for multipart/x-mixed-replace
resources 5.6.6 Page load processing model for media 5.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins 5.6.8 Page load processing model for inline content that doesn't have a DOM 5.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier 5.6.10 History traversal 5.6.10.1 Event definitions 5.6.11 Unloading documents 5.6.11.1 Event definition 5.6.12 Aborting a document load 5.7 Offline Web applications 5.7.1 Introduction 5.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications 5.7.1.2 Event summary 5.7.2 Application caches 5.7.3 The cache manifest syntax 5.7.3.1 Some sample manifests 5.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests 5.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests 5.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache 5.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm 5.7.6 Changes to the networking model 5.7.7 Expiring application caches 5.7.8 Disk space 5.7.9 Application cache API 5.7.10 Browser state 6 Web application APIs 6.1 Scripting 6.1.1 Introduction 6.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting 6.1.3 Processing model 6.1.3.1 Definitions 6.1.3.2 Calling scripts 6.1.3.3 Creating scripts 6.1.3.4 Killing scripts 6.1.3.5 Runtime script errors 6.1.3.5.1 Runtime script errors in documents 6.1.4 Event loops 6.1.4.1 Definitions 6.1.4.2 Processing model 6.1.4.3 Generic task sources 6.1.5 The javascript:
URL scheme 6.1.6 Events 6.1.6.1 Event handlers 6.1.6.2 Event handlers on elements, Document
objects, and Window
objects 6.1.6.3 Event firing 6.1.6.4 Events and the Window
object 6.2 Base64 utility methods 6.3 Timers 6.4 User prompts 6.4.1 Simple dialogs 6.4.2 Printing 6.4.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents 6.5 System state and capabilities 6.5.1 The Navigator
object 6.5.1.1 Client identification 6.5.1.2 Custom scheme and content handlers 6.5.1.3 Security and privacy 6.5.1.4 Sample user interface 6.5.1.5 Manually releasing the storage mutex 6.5.2 The External
interface 7 User interaction 7.1 The hidden
attribute 7.2 Inert subtrees 7.3 Activation 7.4 Focus 7.4.1 Sequential focus navigation and the tabindex
attribute 7.4.2 Focus management 7.4.3 Document-level focus APIs 7.4.4 Element-level focus APIs 7.5 Assigning keyboard shortcuts 7.5.1 Introduction 7.5.2 The accesskey
attribute 7.5.3 Processing model 7.6 Editing 7.6.1 Making document regions editable: The contenteditable
content attribute 7.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The designMode
IDL attribute 7.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors 7.6.4 Editing APIs 7.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking 7.7 Drag and drop 7.7.1 Introduction 7.7.2 The drag data store 7.7.3 The DataTransfer
interface 7.7.3.1 The DataTransferItemList
interface 7.7.3.2 The DataTransferItem
interface 7.7.4 The DragEvent
interface 7.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model 7.7.6 Events summary 7.7.7 The draggable
attribute 7.7.8 The dropzone
attribute 7.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model 8 The HTML syntax 8.1 Writing HTML documents 8.1.1 The DOCTYPE 8.1.2 Elements 8.1.2.1 Start tags 8.1.2.2 End tags 8.1.2.3 Attributes 8.1.2.4 Optional tags 8.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models 8.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and RCDATA elements 8.1.3 Text 8.1.3.1 Newlines 8.1.4 Character references 8.1.5 CDATA sections 8.1.6 Comments 8.2 Parsing HTML documents 8.2.1 Overview of the parsing model 8.2.2 The input byte stream 8.2.2.1 Determining the character encoding 8.2.2.2 Character encodings 8.2.2.3 Changing the encoding while parsing 8.2.2.4 Preprocessing the input stream 8.2.3 Parse state 8.2.3.1 The insertion mode 8.2.3.2 The stack of open elements 8.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements 8.2.3.4 The element pointers 8.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags 8.2.4 Tokenization 8.2.4.1 Data state 8.2.4.2 Character reference in data state 8.2.4.3 RCDATA state 8.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state 8.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state 8.2.4.6 Script data state 8.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state 8.2.4.8 Tag open state 8.2.4.9 End tag open state 8.2.4.10 Tag name state 8.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state 8.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state 8.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state 8.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state 8.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state 8.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state 8.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state 8.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state 8.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state 8.2.4.20 Script data escape start state 8.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state 8.2.4.22 Script data escaped state 8.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state 8.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state 8.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state 8.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state 8.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state 8.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state 8.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state 8.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state 8.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state 8.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state 8.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state 8.2.4.34 Before attribute name state 8.2.4.35 Attribute name state 8.2.4.36 After attribute name state 8.2.4.37 Before attribute value state 8.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state 8.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state 8.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state 8.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state 8.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state 8.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state 8.2.4.44 Bogus comment state 8.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state 8.2.4.46 Comment start state 8.2.4.47 Comment start dash state 8.2.4.48 Comment state 8.2.4.49 Comment end dash state 8.2.4.50 Comment end state 8.2.4.51 Comment end bang state 8.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state 8.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state 8.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state 8.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state 8.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state 8.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state 8.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state 8.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state 8.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state 8.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state 8.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state 8.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state 8.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state 8.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state 8.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state 8.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state 8.2.4.68 CDATA section state 8.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references 8.2.5 Tree construction 8.2.5.1 Creating and inserting elements 8.2.5.2 Closing elements that have implied end tags 8.2.5.3 Foster parenting 8.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content 8.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.8 The "text" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.18 The "after body" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.19 The "in frameset" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.20 The "after frameset" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.21 The "after after body" insertion mode 8.2.5.4.22 The "after after frameset" insertion mode 8.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content 8.2.6 The end 8.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset 8.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser 8.2.8.1 Misnested tags: 8.2.8.2 Misnested tags:
8.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables 8.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed 8.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents 8.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements 8.3 Serializing HTML fragments 8.4 Parsing HTML fragments 8.5 Named character references 9 The XHTML syntax 9.1 Writing XHTML documents 9.2 Parsing XHTML documents 9.3 Serializing XHTML fragments 9.4 Parsing XHTML fragments 10 Rendering 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints 10.3 Non-replaced elements 10.3.1 Hidden elements 10.3.2 The page 10.3.3 Flow content 10.3.4 Phrasing content 10.3.5 Bidirectional text 10.3.6 Quotes 10.3.7 Sections and headings 10.3.8 Lists 10.3.9 Tables 10.3.10 Form controls 10.3.11 The hr
element 10.3.12 The fieldset
element 10.4 Replaced elements 10.4.1 Embedded content 10.4.2 Images 10.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images 10.4.4 Image maps 10.4.5 Toolbars 10.5 Bindings 10.5.1 Introduction 10.5.2 The button
element 10.5.3 The details
element 10.5.4 The input
element as a text entry widget 10.5.5 The input
element as domain-specific widgets 10.5.6 The input
element as a range control 10.5.7 The input
element as a color well 10.5.8 The input
element as a checkbox and radio button widgets 10.5.9 The input
element as a file upload control 10.5.10 The input
element as a button 10.5.11 The marquee
element 10.5.12 The meter
element 10.5.13 The progress
element 10.5.14 The select
element 10.5.15 The textarea
element 10.5.16 The keygen
element 10.6 Frames and framesets 10.7 Interactive media 10.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation 10.7.2 The title
attribute 10.7.3 Editing hosts 10.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces 10.8 Print media 10.9 Unstyled XML documents 11 Obsolete features 11.1 Obsolete but conforming features 11.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features 11.2 Non-conforming features 11.3 Requirements for implementations 11.3.1 The applet
element 11.3.2 The marquee
element 11.3.3 Frames 11.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs 12 IANA considerations 12.1 text/html
12.2 multipart/x-mixed-replace
12.3 application/xhtml+xml
12.4 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
12.5 text/cache-manifest
12.6 Ping-To
12.7 web+
scheme prefix Index Elements Element content categories Attributes Element Interfaces All Interfaces Events References Acknowledgements
Tags: Table of Contents, HTML5 Manual, 464, HTML 5 Reference Manual Abstract This specification defines the 5th major version first minor revision of the core language of the World Wide Web: the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), In this version new features continue to be introduced to help Web application authors new elements continue to be introduced based on research into prevailing authoring practices and special attention continues t, Table of Contents, English, Instruction Examples, Tutorials, Reference, Books, Guide pasar, pts-ptn.net