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HTML 4 Reference Manual Abstract This specification defines the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), thepublishing language of the World Wide Web. This specification defines HTML4.01, which is a subversion of HTML 4. In addition to the text, multimedia, andhyperlink features of the previous versions of HTML (HTML 3.2 [HTML32] and HTML 2.0 [RFC1866] ), HTML 4supports more multimedia options, scripting languages, style sheets, betterprinting facilities, and documents that are more accessible to users withdisabilities. HTML 4 also takes great strides towards the internationalizationof documents, with the goal of making the Web truly World Wide.
HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to International Standard ISO 8879-- Standard Generalized Markup Language [ISO8879] .
Status of this document This section describes the status of this document at the time of itspublication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status ofthis document series is maintained at the W3C.
This document specifies HTML 4.01, which is part of the HTML 4 line ofspecifications. The first version of HTML 4 was HTML 4.0 [HTML40] , publishedon 18 December 1997 and revised 24 April 1998. This specification is the firstHTML 4.01 Recommendation. It includes non-editorial changes since the 24 April version of HTML4.0 . There have been some changes to the DTDs, for example. This documentobsoletes previous versions of HTML 4.0, although W3C will continue to makethose specifications and their DTDs available at the W3C Web site.
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested partiesand has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stabledocument and may be used as reference material or cited as a normativereference from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is todraw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment.This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
W3C recommends that user agents and authors (and in particular, authoringtools) produce HTML 4.01 documents rather than HTML 4.0 documents. W3Crecommends that authors produce HTML 4 documents instead of HTML 3.2 documents.For reasons of backward compatibility, W3C also recommends that toolsinterpreting HTML 4 continue to support HTML 3.2 and HTML 2.0 as well.
For information about the next generation of HTML, "The Extensible HyperTextMarkup Language" [XHTML] , please refer to the W3C HTML Activity and the list of W3C Technical Reports .
This document has been produced as part of the W3C HTML Activity . The goals of the HTML Working Group (Members only ) are discussed in the HTML Working Groupcharter (Membersonly ) .
A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can befound at http://www.w3.org/TR .
Public discussion on HTML features takes place on [email protected] archives [email protected] ).
Available languages The English version of this specification is the only normative version.However, for translations of this document, see http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html4-updates/translations .
Errata The list of known errors in this specification is available at: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html4-updates/errata Please report errors in this document to [email protected]
Table of Contents Quick Table of Contents About the HTML 4Specification Introduction toHTML 4 On SGML andHTML Conformance:requirements and recommendations HTML DocumentRepresentation - Character sets, character encodings, andentities Basic HTML datatypes - Character data, colors, lengths, URIs, content types,etc. The globalstructure of an HTML document - The HEAD and BODY of adocument Languageinformation and text direction - International considerations fortext Text -Paragraphs, Lines, and Phrases Lists -Unordered, Ordered, and Definition Lists Tables Links -Hypertext and Media-Independent Links Objects,Images, and Applets StyleSheets - Adding style to HTML documents Alignment,font styles, and horizontal rules Frames - Multi-view presentation of documents Forms -User-input Forms: Text Fields, Buttons, Menus, and more Scripts - Animated Documents and Smart Forms SGML referenceinformation for HTML - Formal definition of HTML andvalidation SGML Declaration of HTML4 Document Type Definition Transitional Document Type Definition Frameset Document Type Definition Character entityreferences in HTML 4 Changes Performance,Implementation, and Design Notes Full Table of Contents About the HTML 4Specification How the specification isorganized Document conventions Elements andattributes Notes and examples Acknowledgments Acknowledgments for thecurrent revision Copyright Notice Introduction toHTML 4 What is the World WideWeb? Introduction toURIs Fragmentidentifiers Relative URIs What is HTML? A brief history ofHTML HTML 4 Internationalization Accessibility Tables Compounddocuments Style sheets Scripting Printing Authoring documents withHTML 4 Separate structure andpresentation Consider universalaccessibility to the Web Help user agents withincremental rendering On SGML andHTML Introduction toSGML SGML constructs used inHTML Elements Attributes Characterreferences Comments How to read the HTMLDTD DTD Comments Parameter entitydefinitions Elementdeclarations Attributedeclarations Conformance:requirements and recommendations Definitions SGML The text/html content type HTML DocumentRepresentation - Character sets, character encodings, and entities The Document CharacterSet Character encodings Choosing an encoding Specifying the characterencoding Character references Numeric characterreferences Character entityreferences Undisplayablecharacters Basic HTML datatypes - Character data, colors, lengths, URIs, content types, etc. Case information SGML basic types Text strings URIs Colors Notes on using colors Lengths Content types (MIMEtypes) Language codes Character encodings Single characters Dates and times Link types Media descriptors Script data Style sheet data Frame target names The globalstructure of an HTML document - The HEAD and BODY of a document Introduction to thestructure of an HTML document HTML versioninformation The HTML element The document head The HEAD element The TITLE element The title attribute Meta data The document body The BODY element Element identifiers:the id and class attributes Block-level and inlineelements Grouping elements: theDIV and SPAN elements Headings: The H1, H2 , H3 , H4 , H5 ,H6 elements The ADDRESS element Languageinformation and text direction - International considerations fortext Specifying the languageof content: the lang attribute Language codes Inheritance oflanguage codes Interpretation oflanguage codes Specifying thedirection of text and tables: the dir attribute Introduction to thebidirectional algorithm Inheritance of textdirection information Setting the directionof embedded text Overriding thebidirectional algorithm: the BDO element Character referencesfor directionality and joining control The effect of stylesheets on bidirectionality Text -Paragraphs, Lines, and Phrases White space Structured text Phrase elements: EM, STRONG , DFN , CODE , SAMP , KBD , VAR ,CITE , ABBR , and ACRONYM Quotations: The BLOCKQUOTE and Q elements Subscripts andsuperscripts: the SUB and SUP elements Lines and Paragraphs Paragraphs: the P element Controlling linebreaks Hyphenation Preformatted text: ThePRE element Visual rendering ofparagraphs Marking document changes:The INS and DEL elements Lists -Unordered, Ordered, and Definition Lists Introduction tolists Unordered lists UL ), orderedlists (OL ), and list items (LI )Definition lists DL , DT , and DD elements Visual rendering oflists The DIR and MENU elements Tables Introduction totables Elements forconstructing tables The TABLE element Table Captions: TheCAPTION element Row groups: the THEAD, TFOOT , and TBODY elements Column groups: theCOLGROUP and COL elements Table rows: The TR element Table cells: TheTH and TD elements Table formatting byvisual user agents Borders andrules Horizontal andvertical alignment Cell margins Table rendering bynon-visual user agents Associating headerinformation with data cells Categorizingcells Algorithm to findheading information Sample table Links -Hypertext and Media-Independent Links Introduction to linksand anchors Visiting a linkedresource Other linkrelationships Specifying anchors andlinks Link titles Internationalizationand links The A element Syntax of anchornames Nested links areillegal Anchors with theid attribute Unavailable andunidentifiable resources Document relationships:the LINK element Forward and reverselinks Links and externalstyle sheets Links and searchengines Path information: theBASE element Resolving relative URIs Objects,Images, and Applets Introduction toobjects, images, and applets Including an image:the IMG element Generic inclusion: theOBJECT element Rules for renderingobjects Objectinitialization: the PARAM element Global namingschemes for objects Object declarationsand instantiations Including an applet:the APPLET element Notes on embeddeddocuments Image maps Client-side imagemaps: the MAP and AREA elements Server-side imagemaps Visual presentation ofimages, objects, and applets Width andheight White space aroundimages and objects Borders Alignment How to specifyalternate text StyleSheets - Adding style to HTML documents Introduction to stylesheets Adding style toHTML Setting the defaultstyle sheet language Inline styleinformation Header styleinformation: the STYLE element Media types External stylesheets Preferred andalternate style sheets Specifying externalstyle sheets Cascading stylesheets Media-dependentcascades Inheritance andcascading Hiding style data fromuser agents Linking to stylesheets with HTTP headers Alignment,font styles, and horizontal rules Formatting Backgroundcolor Alignment Floatingobjects Fonts Font styleelements: the TT , I ,B , BIG , SMALL , STRIKE , S , and U elements Font modifierelements: FONT and BASEFONT Rules: the HR element Frames - Multi-view presentation of documents Introduction toframes Layout of frames The FRAMESET element The FRAME element Specifying targetframe information Setting the defaulttarget for links Targetsemantics Alternate content The NOFRAMES element Long descriptions offrames Inline frames: theIFRAME element Forms -User-input Forms: Text Fields, Buttons, Menus, and more Introduction toforms Controls Controltypes The FORM element The INPUT element Control typescreated with INPUT Examples of formscontaining INPUT controls The BUTTON element The SELECT , OPTGROUP , and OPTION elements Pre-selectedoptions The TEXTAREA element The ISINDEX element Labels The LABEL element Adding structure toforms: the FIELDSET and LEGEND elements Giving focus to anelement Tabbingnavigation Access keys Disabled andread-only controls Disabledcontrols Read-onlycontrols Form submission Form submissionmethod Successfulcontrols Processing formdata Form contenttypes Scripts - Animated Documents and Smart Forms Introduction toscripts Designing documentsfor user agents that support scripting The SCRIPT element Specifying thescripting language Intrinsicevents Dynamicmodification of documents Designing documentsfor user agents that don't support scripting The NOSCRIPT element Hiding script datafrom user agents SGML referenceinformation for HTML - Formal definition of HTML and validation DocumentValidation Sample SGMLcatalog SGML Declaration of HTML4 SGMLDeclaration Document Type Definition Transitional Document Type Definition Frameset Document Type Definition Character entityreferences in HTML 4 Introduction tocharacter entity references Character entityreferences for ISO 8859-1 characters The list ofcharacters Character entityreferences for symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters The list ofcharacters Character entityreferences for markup-significant and internationalization characters The list ofcharacters Changes Changes between 24April 1998 HTML 4.0 and 24 December 1999 HTML 4.01 versions Changes to thespecification Errors that werecorrected Minor typographicalerrors that were corrected Clarifications Known Browserproblems Changes between 18December 1997 and 24 April 1998 versions Errors that werecorrected Minor typographicalerrors that were corrected Changes between HTML3.2 and HTML 4.0 (18 December 1997) Changes toelements Changes toattributes Changes foraccessibility Changes for metadata Changes fortext Changes forlinks Changes fortables Changes for images,objects, and image maps Changes forforms Changes for stylesheets Changes forframes Changes forscripting Changes forinternationalization Performance,Implementation, and Design Notes Notes on invaliddocuments Special characters inURI attribute values Non-ASCII charactersin URI attribute values Ampersands in URIattribute values SGML implementationnotes Line breaks Specifying non-HTMLdata SGML features withlimited support Booleanattributes MarkedSections ProcessingInstructions Shorthandmarkup Notes on helping searchengines index your Web site Search robots Notes on tables Design rationale Recommended LayoutAlgorithms Notes on forms Incrementaldisplay Futureprojects Notes on scripting Reserved syntax forfuture script macros Notes onframes Notes onaccessibility Notes on security Security issues forforms
Tags: Table of Contents, HTML4 Manual, 464, HTML 4 Reference Manual Abstract This specification defines the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) the publishing language of the World Wide Web, This specification defines HTML 4.01 which is a subversion of HTML 4, In addition to the text multimedia and hyperlink features of the previous versions of HTML (HTML 3.2 [HTML32] and HTML 2.0 [RFC1866] ) HTML 4 supports more multimedia options scripting, Table of Contents, English, Instruction Examples, Tutorials, Reference, Books, Guide pasar, pts-ptn.net
