In the arts, a medium is a material used by an artist or designer to create a work.
Architecture
Main article: Outline of architecture
In the art and science of architecture, the design and construction of buildings and interiors, infrastructure and other physical structures are created. It can involve multiple disciplines of brickwork, carpentry, engineering, stonemasonry and many other skills.
- Cement, concrete and mortar
- Glass
- Metal
- Stone, brick
- Wood
Carpentry
The art of carpentry and woodworking is by a skilled craftsperson or joiner, who designs and builds buildings, furniture and other objects.
Digital
Digital art is the use of computers and other digital technology to create and edit traditional works such as drawing, film, literature, painting, photography, printing and sculpture. A recognized artistic practice, digital art can be electronic, interactive and virtual.
Various computer programs such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Painters, and Maya are some of the programs that digital artists would use to modify photos, create new digital illustrations, or model 3D objects and turn them into full body animations. The different tools that these programs provide allow the artists more control to modify, add or undo, and delete an action as they please, to achieve the level of industry quality that you see on marketing advertisements, magazines and special effects that you see in animated or live action films.
Drawing
Main article: Outline of drawing and drawings
In drawing, "media" refers to both the material that is manually applied and to the base onto which it is applied.[1] The media applied can be many things but the method of application is a stick type object with a point (not a brush) that transfers particles of media to the base. The point of the stick can be as minute as it can be large. The medium applied can be graphite, fusain, pastel, and ink among other things. Bases can be paper, plaster, canvas, wood or basically anything that accepts the medium applied from the point of the stick.
Common drawing media
- Chalk
- Charcoal soft or hard
- Conté
- Crayon
- Graphite (can be pencils which are small or large sticks similar to charcoal)
- Human finger (with ink or paint)
- Marker
- Pastel
- Pen and ink
- Pencil
- Sand
- Watercolour
Common bases for drawing
- Canvas
- Card stock
- Human body (typically for tattoos)
- Metal
- Paper
- Plaster
- Scratchboard
- Walls (typically for murals)
- Wood
Film
Main articles: Outline of film and Cinematic techniques
In cinematography and film, a sequence of still images is captured with a video camera. A series of individual images are called frames. When these images are shown in rapid succession, a viewer gains the displayed illusion that motion is occurring.
Light
Further information: Lighting designer
The illumination of light as a practical use to reveal what may be shaded or dark is common. Light as an art form is a function of art works and entertainment, it is a projection source and a backlighting source, for colours, focal or focus points and can be an element to enhance or change atmosphere or mood in areas or on objects.
Literature
Main articles:
Literature and Writing implement
The art of written words and typography is traditionally an ink and printed form on paper or is creatively written with many forms of mediums.
Common writing mediums
Common bases for writing
- Card stock
- Paper
- Ruled paper
Natural world
Main articles: Gardening and
Landscape architectureIn the natural world large scale creative works can involve horticulture for the cultivation of plants, earthworks for landscaping and irrigation or rainwater harvesting for water features, in gardens, parks and botanical gardens.
Painting
Main article: Outline of painting
In painting, "media" refers to both the type of paint used and the base (or ground) to which it is applied. A paint's medium refers to what carries a paint's pigments, and is also called a "vehicle" or a "base". A painter can mix a medium with solvents, pigments, and other substances in order to make paint and control consistency.
Common paint media
- Acrylic paint
- Blacklight paint
- Encaustic paint
- Fresco
- Gesso
- Glaze
- Gouache
- Ink
- Latex paint
- Magna paint
- Oil paint
- Primer
- Stencil
- Sumi-e (ink wash painting)
- Tempera or poster paint
- Vinyl paint (toxic/poisonous)
- Vitreous enamel
- Watercolor
- color
Common bases for painting
- Architectural structures
- Canvas
- Cloth
- Glass
- Human body (typically for tattoos)
- Metal
- Paper
- Wood
Application tools and methods
- Action painting
- Aerosol paint
- Airbrush
- Batik
- Brush, Paint pad, Paint roller
- Cloth
- Palette knife
- Sponge
- Stick
Muralism techniques
Muralists use many of the same media as panel painters, but due to the scale of their works, use different techniques. Some such techniques include:
- Aerosol paint
- Cartoon
- Comics
- Digital painting
- Fresco
- Graphic novel
- Overhead and slide projection
- Pounce (technique)
Performing arts
Main articles: Performing arts and Performance art
The performing arts is a form of entertainment that is created by the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium. There are many skills and genres of performance, dance and theatre being examples. Performance art is a performance that may not present a conventional formal linear narrative.
Photography
Main article: Outline of photography
In photography a photosensitive surface is used to capture an optical still image, usually utilizing a lens to focus light. Some media include:
- Digital image sensor
- Photographic film
- Potassium dichromate
- Potassium ferricyanide and ferric ammonium citrate
- Silver nitrate
Printmaking
In the art of printmaking, "media" tends to refer to the technique used to create a print. Common media include:
- Aquatint
- Computer printing
- Dye-sublimation printer
- Inkjet printer (sometimes called giclée printing)
- Laser printer
- Solid ink printer
- Thermal printer
- Engraving
- Embossing (paper)
- Etching
- Intaglio (printmaking)
- Letterpress (literature)
- Linocut
- Lithography
- Mezzotint
- Moku hanga
- Monotype
- Offset printing
- Photographic printing
- Planographic printing
- Printing press
- Relief printing
- Screen-printing
- Woodblock printing
Sculpture
Main article: Outline of sculpture
In sculpting a solid structure and textured surface is shaped or combined using substances and components to form a three dimensional object.
Materials
Carving materials
- Bone carving
- Gemstones
- Granite
- Ice
- Ivory (cruelty to animals)
- Marble
- Plaster
- Stone
- Wax
- Wood
Casting materials
- Cement
- Metal
- Plaster
- Plastic
- Synthetic resin
- Wax
Modeling materials
- Clay
- Papier-mâché
- Plaster
- Sand
- Styrofoam
Assembled materials
- Beads
- Corrugated fiberboard (cardboard)
- Edible material
- Foil
- Found objects
- Glue and other adhesives
- Paperboard
- Textile
- Wire
- Wood
Finishing materials
- Acids, to create a patina
- Polychrome
- Wax
Tools
- Bristle brush
- Potter's wheel and kiln
- Chisel and hammer (modern pneumatic)
- Clamps
- Hammer or mallet (modern pneumatic)
- Scraper
- Knife
- Cutting torch
- Pliers
- Power tools
- Sandpaper
- Saw
- Snips
- Wirecutters
Sound
Main articles: List of musical instruments and Music theory
The art of sound can be singular or a combination of speech or objects and crafted instruments, to create sounds, rhythms and music for the enjoyment of hearing.
Technology
The use of technology as an art is a merging of applied art and science, that may involve aesthetics, efficiency and ergonomics using various materials.
Textiles
In the art of textiles a soft and flexible material of fibers or yarn is formed by spinning wool, flax, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel and crocheting, knitting, knotting, weaving, or pressing fibres together (felt) to create a work.
See also
 | Arts portal |
References
- ^ Mayer, Ralph. The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, ISBN 978-0670837014
External links
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- Filmmaking
- Printmaking
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