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List of countries' copyright lengths Worldwide map of copyright term length This is a list of countries and their copyright terms, the lengths of their standard copyrights, in years. When a work's copyright term ends, the work passes into the public domain. The list also includes entries for non-country entities: the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death. Legend- ibid. = ibidem, "in the same place"
- 0, no copyright = not copyrighted
- Life + xx years = copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
- xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
- Until year end = copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. December 31
- Berne = has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column
Table|
 Afghanistan | Life + 50 years[1] | 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[1]
50 years from publication (Published after authors' deaths)[1]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[1]
50 years from publication (photographic,painting works)[1]
50 years from creation (phonogram)[1]
| Yes (Afghan calendar)[1] |  Albania | Life + 70 years[2] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[3]
70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[4]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[5]
| Yes[6] |  Algeria | Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)[7] | 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[8]
50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[9]
| Yes[10] |  Andorra | Life + 70 years[11][12] | 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[13]
70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[14]
| Yes[15] |  Angola | Life + 50 years[16]
Life + 25 years (photographic works or applied arts)[16]
| | Yes[16] |  Anguilla | Life + 50 years[17] | 50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.[17] | |  Antigua and Barbuda | Life + 50 years[18][19] | 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[20]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[21]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[22]
| Yes[23] |  Argentina | Life + 70 years[24] | 50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[25] Photographies: 20 years from first publication.[26] Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).[27] | Yes[28] |  Armenia | Life + 70 years [29] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[30] | Yes[30] |  Aruba | Life + 50 years[31](wikisource) | | |  Australia (including external territories) | Life + 70 years[32]
[Life + 50 years (death before 1955)][33]
| 70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[34]
50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[35]
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[36]
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][33]
| Yes[37] |  Austria | Life + 70 years[38][39] | 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[40] | Yes[41] |  Azerbaijan | Life + 50 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[42] | 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[43] | Yes[44] |  Bahamas | Berne | | |  Bahrain | Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[45] | 50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[46]
40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is earlier (computer software)[47]
| |  Bangladesh | Life + 50 years | | |  Barbados | Life + 50 years[48][49] | 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[50]
50 years from making (computer-generated work)[51]
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[52]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[53]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[22]
| Yes[54] |  Belarus | Life + 50 years[55] | 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[56]
50 years from fixation (performance)[57]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[58]
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[59]
| Yes[60] |  Belgium | Life + 70 years[61] | | |  Belize | Life + 50 years[62] | | |  Benin | Life + 50 years | | |  Bermuda | Life + 50 years[63] | | | | Berne Convention signatories | Life + 50 years[64]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[65]
| 50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[66]
50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[67]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[68]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[65]
| Yes[69] |  Bhutan | Life + 50 years[70] | | |  Bolivia | Life + 50 years[71] | | |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | Life + 70 years[72] | | |  Botswana | Berne, TRIPS, WCT[73] | | |  Brazil | Life + 70 years[74] | | |  British Indian Ocean Territory | unknown | | |  British Virgin Islands | unknown | | |  Brunei | Life + 50 years[75] | | |  Bulgaria | Life + 70 years (EU)[76] | | |  Burkina Faso | Life + 70 years[77] | | |  Burundi | Life + 50 years [78] | 50 years from publication (phonograms)[78] | |  Cambodia | Life + 50 years[79] | | |  Cameroon | Life + 50 years[80] | | |  Canada | Life + 50 years[81][82] | For anonymous works, 50 years from publication or 75 years from creation, whichever is shorter.[81] | Yes [81] | |  Cape Verde | Life + 50 years[4] | | |  Cayman Islands | unknown | | |  Central African Republic | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Chad | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Chile | Life + 70 years[83] | | |  China, People's Republic of (Mainland only) | Life + 50 years (citizens' works)[84] | 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[85] | Yes[6] |  Colombia | Life + 80 years[86] | 80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[30] | Yes[87] |  Comoros | Berne | | |  Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Congo, Republic of the | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Costa Rica | Life + 70 years[88] | | |  Côte d'Ivoire | Life + 99 years (except posthumous works published within this period)[89] | 99 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[90] | Yes[91] |  Croatia | Life + 70 years[92] | | |  Cuba | Life + 50 years | | |  Curaçao | Life + 50 years[93] | | |  Cyprus | Life + 50 years
(EU, WCT)[94] | | |  Czech Republic | Life + 70 years[95] | 70 years from publication (anonymous works)[96] | Yes[97] |  Denmark | Life + 70 years[98] | | |  Djibouti | Life + 25 years (Berne, TRIPS)[99] | 25 years from publication or if unpublished 25 years from completion (film)[100]
25 years from completion (a photographic work or a work of applied art)[101]
| Yes[102] |  Dominica | Life + 70 years[103] | | |  Dominican Republic | Life + 50 years[104] | | |  Ecuador | Life + 70 years[105] | | |  Egypt | Life + 50 years[106] | | |  El Salvador | Life + 50 years[107] | | |  Equatorial Guinea | Berne | | |  Eritrea | the latter of Life + 0 years or 50 years since publication[108] | | |  Estonia | Life + 70 years (EU)[109] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[110] | Yes[111] |  Ethiopia | Life + 50 years[112] | | |  European Union Members | Life + 70 years[113] | 70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (anonymous works)[114] | Yes[115] |  Fiji | Life + 50 years[116] | | |  Finland | Life + 70 years[117] | 50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[118] 50 years from creation (photographic works)[119] | Yes[120] |  France | Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)[121][122]
The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[123]
+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[124]
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[125]
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service[126]
| 70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[127]
25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[128]
| Yes[129] |  Gabon | Berne, TRIPS, WCT | | |  Gambia | Life + 50 years[130] | | |  Georgia | Life + 70 years[131] | | |  Germany | Life + 70 years[132] | 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication[133] | Yes[134] |  Ghana | Life + 70 years[135] | | |  Greece | Life + 70 years[136][137] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[138] | Yes[139] |  Grenada | Berne, TRIPS[140] | | |  Guatemala | Life + 75 years[141] | 75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[142] | Yes[143] |  Guinea | TRIPS, WCT | | |  Guinea-Bissau | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Guyana | Life + 50 years[144] | | |  Haiti | Berne, TRIPS[145] | | |  Honduras | Life + 75 years[146] | 70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[147] | Yes[147] |  Hong Kong[148] | Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[149]
Life + 50 years (films)[150]
| 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[151]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[152]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[153]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[154]
| Yes[155] |  Hungary | Life + 70 years[156] | | |  Iceland | Life + 70 years[157] | | |  India[158] | Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)[159][160] | 60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[161] | Yes[162] |  Indonesia | Life + 50 years[163] | | |  Iran | Life + 50 years[164] | 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[165] | |  Iraq | Life + 50 years[166] | | |  Ireland | Life + 70 years[167] | | |  Israel | Life + 70 years[168] | 50 years from publication (photographs created till May 2007)[169] | Yes[170] |  Italy | Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][171] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[172]
20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)
| Yes[173] |  Jamaica | Life + 50 years[174] | | |  Japan | Life + 50 years[175] | 70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[176]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[177]
| Yes[178] |  Jordan | Life + 50 years[179] | | |  Kazakhstan | Life + 50 years[180] | | |  Kenya | Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[181] | 50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[182] | Yes[183] |  Kiribati | Life + 50 years[130] | | |  Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | Life + 50 years (Berne)[184] | Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication[184] | |  Korea, Republic of | Life + 50 years[185] | 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (organizational works)[186] | Yes[187] |  Kuwait | TRIPS[188] | | |  Kyrgyzstan | Life + 50 years[189] | | |  Laos | Life + 50 years.[190] | 50 years. | |  Latvia | Life + 70 years[191]
[Life + 50 years][192] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[193] | Yes[186] |  Lebanon | Life + 50 years[194] | | |  Lesotho | Life + 50 years[130] | | |  Liberia | unknown | | |  Libya | Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since) | | |  Liechtenstein | Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][195] | | |  Lithuania | Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][196] | | |  Luxembourg | Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][197] | | |  Macau(b) | Life + 50 years[198] | 50 years from publication (anonymous works)[199]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[200]
25 years from completion (works of applied art and photographic works)[201]
| Yes[202] |  Macedonia | Life + 70 years[203] | | |  Madagascar | Life + 70 years[204] | | |  Malawi | Life + 50 years[205] | | |  Malaysia | Life + 50 years[206] | | |  Maldives | Life + 50 years from death. | | |  Mali | Life + 50 years[207] | | |  Malta | Life + 70 years[208] | | |  Marshall Islands | 0, no copyright. Copyright legislation is not known to exist.[209] | 0, no copyright. | |  Mauritania | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Mauritius | Life + 50 years[210] | | |  Mexico | Life + 100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[211]
[Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)][212]
[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)][213]
| | | | Micronesia | Life + 50 years[214] | | |  Moldova | Life + 50 years[215] | | |  Monaco | WCT | | |  Mongolia | Life + 50 years[216] | | |  Montenegro[217] | Life + 70 years[218] | | |  Morocco | Life + 50 years[219] | | |  Mozambique | Life + 70 years[220] | | |  Myanmar | TRIPS | | |  Namibia | Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)[221] | 50 years from publication (posthumous works)[222]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[223]
| Yes[224] |  Nauru | unknown | | |  Nepal | Life + 50 years | 25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)[225] | |  Netherlands | Life + 70 years[226] | 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[227] | | | Caribbean Netherlands | Life + 50 years[228] | | |  New Zealand | Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[229] | 50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[230] | Yes[231] |  Nicaragua | Life + 70 years[232] | | |  Niger | Life + 50 years[233] | | |  Nigeria | Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[234] | 70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)
50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from creation (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[234]
| Yes[234] |  Norway | Life + 70 years[235] | | Yes [235] |  Oman | Life + 70 years[236] | 90 years from the year following the publication 120 years from the year following the completion [237] | Yes |  Pakistan | Life + 50 years[238] | | Yes[238] |  Palau | Life + 50 years[239] | | |  Panama | Life + 50 years[240] | | |  Papua New Guinea | Life + 50 years[241] | | |  Paraguay | Life + 70 years[242] | | |  Peru | Life + 70 years[243] | | |  Philippines | Life + 50 years[244] | 50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation[245] | Yes[246] |  Poland | Life + 70 years[247] | | |  Portugal | Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][248] | | |  Qatar | Life + 50 years[249] | | |  Romania | Life + 70 years[250] | | |  Russia | Life + 70 years[251]
Rehabilitation + 70 years (for repressed and rehabilitated)
Life + 74 years (for those taking part or working during the war of 1941–1945)
Life + 50 years (death before 1943)[252] | 70 years from publication date for non-amateur cinematographic works published before 1993.
All copyrights prior to October Revolution (7-th November 1917) are believed to be expired... | |  Rwanda | Berne, TRIPS | | |  St. Kitts and Nevis | Life + 50 years[130] | | |  St. Lucia | Life + 50 years[253] | | |  St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[254] | 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[255]
50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[256]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[257]
| Yes[258] |  Samoa | Life + 75 years[259] | | |  San Marino | Life + 50 years[260] | | |  São Tomé and PrÃncipe | unknown | | |  Saudi Arabia | Life + 50 years[261] | | |  Senegal | Life + 70 years[262] | | |  Serbia[263] | Life + 70 years[218] | | |  Seychelles | Life + 25 years[264] | 25 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[265]
25 years from creation (sound recording)[266]
| Yes[255] |  Singapore[267] | Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)[268][269] | 70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[270]
70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[271]
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[272]
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[273]
| Yes[274] |  Sint Maarten | Life + 50 years[93] | | |  Slovakia | Life + 70 years[275] | | |  Slovenia | Life + 70 years[276] | | |  Solomon Islands | Life + 50 years[277] | | |  Somalia | unknown | | |  South Africa | Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[278] | 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)[223]
50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[279]
| Yes[224] |  Spain | Life + 70 years
[Life + 80 years(1879–1987), Life + 60 years(1987–1994)][280] | | Yes[281] |  Sri Lanka | Life + 70 years[282] | 70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work) [282]
25 years from publication (applied art)[282] | Yes[282] |  Sudan | Life + 50 years[283] | 25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[284] | |  Suriname | Berne, TRIPS | | |  Swaziland | Life + 50 years[285] | | |  Sweden | Life + 70 years[286] | | Yes[286] |  Switzerland | Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs[287]
[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][288]
| 50 years after performance (performers' rights)[289] | Yes[290] |  Syria | Life + 50 years[291] | 10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[292] | |  Taiwan | Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[293] | 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[290]
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[294]
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[295]
| Yes[296] |  Tajikistan | Berne | | |  Tanzania | Life + 50 years[297] | | |  Thailand | Life + 50 years[298] | 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation | |  Timor Leste | Life + 50 years[163] | | |  Togo | Life + 50 years[299] | | |  Tonga | Life + 50 years[300] | | |  Trinidad and Tobago | Life + 50 years[301] | | |  Tunisia | Life + 50 years[302] | | |  Turkey | Life + 70 years[303] | | |  Turkmenistan | Life + 50 years[304] | | |  Tuvalu | Life + 50 years[130] | | |  Uganda | TRIPS | | |  Ukraine | Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][305] | | |  United Arab Emirates | Life + 50 years[306] | | |  United Kingdom | Life + 70 years[307] | 50 years after release; if not released, 50 years after making (sound recordings). EU Directive 2011/77/EU, extending this period to 70 years from 1 November 2013, has been adopted but not yet ratified by Parliament. Phonograms already out of copyright in 2013 will not be retroactively protected.[308][309][310] | Yes[311] |  United States[312] | Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[313] | 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[314]
95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1923–1963 (Copyrights prior to 1923 have expired.)[315]
| Yes[316] | | Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms | Life + 25 years (general works)[317] | 25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[318]
10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[319]
| |  Uruguay | Life + 50 years[320] | | |  Uzbekistan | Life + 50 years[321] | | |  Vanuatu | unknown | | |  Vatican City | Life + 70 years[322] | | |  Venezuela | Life + 60 years[323] | 60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[30]
60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[172]
| Yes[324] |  Vietnam | Berne | | |  Yemen | Life + 30 years | | |  Zambia | Life + 50 years[325] | | |  Zimbabwe | Life + 50 years[326][327] | 50 years from publication (photographs)[328]
50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[329]
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[330]
| Yes[331] |
Table notesTerms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as: - a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
- a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
- a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.
See also- Official text copyright
- Rule of the shorter term
- Moral rights
- CERLALC, an intergovernmental organization promotes the development of book publishing and copyright issues in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Notes- ^ a b c d e f g Copyright law of Afghanistan-22/07/2008
- ^ Art. 17, Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995
- ^ Art. 18,, ibid.
- ^ a b Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990
- ^ Art. 20, ibid.
- ^ a b Art. 21, ibid.
- ^ Art. 54, Ordonnance n° 03-05 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux droits d’auteur et aux droits voisins[dead link]
- ^ Arts. 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
- ^ Art. 59, ibid.
- ^ Arts. 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
- ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
- ^ Art. 18(1), (4), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999
- ^ Art. 18(3), ibid.
- ^ Art. 18(5), ibid.
- ^ Art. 18(8), ibid.
- ^ a b c Art. 20(1), Copyright Law n° 4/90, March 1990 (PDF).
- ^ a b "IP laws revised – Anguilla". Iprfirm.com. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
- ^ s. 10(1), Copyright Act, 2002
- ^ s. 10(2), (4), 11(1), ibid.
- ^ s. 12(1), ibid.
- ^ a b s. 13, ibid.
- ^ s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13, ibid.
- ^ Art. 5, Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997
- ^ Art. 8, ibid.
- ^ Art. 34 ibid., as amended by Law 25006 B.O. 13/8/1998.
- ^ Ibid.
- ^ Art. 5, ibid.
- ^ Art. 37 Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 15 June 2006
- ^ a b c d Art. 37, ibid.
- ^ "Guide to Doing Business, Aruba". LexMundi.com. p. 13.
- ^ s. 33, Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)
- ^ a b Information Sheets G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council
- ^ s. 93, 94, Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)
- ^ s. 95, ibid.
- ^ s. 96, ibid.
- ^ All previous Australian references
- ^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
- ^ § 60, 62, Urheberrechtsgesetz;
§ 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 1972-12-16) - ^ § 61, Urheberrechtsgesetz
- ^ § 64, ibid.
- ^ Art. 25(1), (2), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996
- ^ Arts. 25(2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
- ^ Art. 25(1), (2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
- ^ Art. 31(1), Legislative Decree no. 10 of 1993
- ^ Art. 31(2)(a), (b), (c), (d), ibid.
- ^ Art. 31(3), ibid.
- ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
- ^ s. 10(1), Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4
- ^ s. 10(3), ibid.
- ^ s. 10(4), ibid.
- ^ s. 11, ibid.
- ^ s. 12, ibid.
- ^ s. 10, 11, 12, 13, ibid.
- ^ Art. 22(1), Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
- ^ Art. 22(2), ibid.
- ^ Art. 38(1), ibid.
- ^ Art. 38(2), ibid.
- ^ Art. 38(3), ibid.
- ^ Arts. 22(4), 38(4), ibid.
- ^ Wet betreffende het auteursrecht en de naburige rechten van 30 juni 1994. (Hoofdstuk 1, afdeling 1, Art. 2)/Loi relative au droit d’auteur et aux droits voisins du 30 juin 1994 (capitre 1, section 1, article 2).
- ^ s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252
- ^ How long does copyright last? from Bermuda Government website.
- ^ Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
- ^ a b Art. 7(6), ibid.
- ^ Art. 7(2), ibid.
- ^ Art. 7(3), ibid.
- ^ Art. 7(4), ibid.
- ^ Art. 7(5), ibid.
- ^ s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001
- ^ Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992
- ^ Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)
- ^ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000
- ^ Art. 41, Law no 9610 of 19 February 1998
- ^ s. 14, Emergency (Copyright) Order 1999
- ^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007
- ^ Art. 34, Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique
- ^ a b ACT No. 1/021 of December 30, 2005, On the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Burundi". WIPO.int.
- ^ Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003
- ^ Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000
- ^ a b c s. 6, Copyright Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-42);
s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24 - ^ Cory Doctorow (2012) Canadians: tell Parliament to preserve Canada's public domain! at Boing Boing, 6/1/2012
- ^ Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003)
- ^ Art. 21, first paragraph, Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China
- ^ Art. 21, second and third paragraphs, ibid.
- ^ Art. 21, Ley 23 de 1982
- ^ Art. 28, ibid.
- ^ Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos modified by the Ley 7979 del 6 del enero del 2000
- ^ Art. 45(1), Loi no. 96-564 du 25 juillet 1996
- ^ Art. 45(3)(a), (b), (c), ibid.
- ^ Art. 45, ibid.
- ^ Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act 197/2003
- ^ a b Copy right directive 1913 (Netherlands Antilles), last amended 1 March 2004.
- ^ s. 4, Copyright Law 1976
- ^ Art. 27(1), Law No. 121/2000 Coll.
- ^ Art. 27(3), Law No. 121/2000 Coll.
- ^ Art. 27(7), ibid.
- ^ s. 63, Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006
- ^ Art. 59, Loi n°114/AN/96/3e L relatif à la protection du droit d'auteur
- ^ Art. 62, ibid.
- ^ Art. 63, ibid.
- ^ Art. 65, ibid.
- ^ s. 11, Copyright Act 2003
- ^ Art. 21, Ley sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de julio de 2000
- ^ Art. 80, Ley No 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)
- ^ Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
- ^ Art. 86, Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993
- ^ Art. 1653, 1670, Eritrean Civil Code
- ^ § 38(1), Edition of the Copyright Act effective since 01.01.2009 (Estonian); First enacted on 11.11.1992
- ^ § 40, ibid.
- ^ § 43, ibid.
- ^ Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December 2004; see also [1]
- ^ Art. 1 (1), Directive 2006/116/EC
- ^ Art. 1 (3), (6), ibid.
- ^ Art. 8 (1), ibid.
- ^ "Copyright Act 1999". Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995
- ^ Arts. 46, 48, Copyright, Act, 08/07/1961
- ^ Art. 49a, ibid.
- ^ Art. 43, ibid.
- ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
- ^ Arts. L123-1, L123-2, Code de la propriété intellectuelle
- ^ Judgement No. 280 of February 27, 2007 Court of Cassation – First Civil Chamber 04-12138
- ^ Art. L123-8, ibid.
- ^ Art. L123-9, ibid.
- ^ Art. L123-10, ibid.
- ^ Art. L123-3, ibid.
- ^ Art. L123-4, ibid.
- ^ Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, ibid., but not Arts. L123-8 or, L123-9,
- ^ a b c d e Copyright Act 1956 (p)
- ^ Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999
- ^ § 64 Urheberrechtsgesetz [2], as amended by the Law of 17 December 2008
- ^ § 71 Urheberrechtsgesetz
- ^ § 69 Urheberrechtsgesetz
- ^ Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005
- ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
- ^ Arts. 29, 31(3), Law 2121/1993
- ^ Art. 31(1), ibid.
- ^ Arts. 29, 31, ibid.
- ^ Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989
- ^ Art. 43, Decreto No. 33-98, as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000
- ^ Arts. 44, 45, 47, ibid.
- ^ Art. 48, ibid.
- ^ Copyright Act 1956
- ^ Decree of January 9, 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works
- ^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
- ^ a b "Art. 30, Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y Estados Unidos". Cerlalc.org. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
- ^ "s. 17(2), Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)". Legislation.gov.hk. 1997-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ s. 19, ibid. Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
- ^ s. 17(3), ibid.
- ^ "s. 18, ''ibid.''". Legislation.gov.hk. 1997-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ s. 20, ibid.
- ^ s. 21, ibid.
- ^ s. 17, 18, 20, 21, ibid.
- ^ Art. 31, Act No. LXXVI of 1999[dead link]
- ^ Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996
- ^ See also Copyright in India.
- ^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
- ^ s. 22, Copyright Act, 1957
- ^ s. 24, s. 25, s. 26, s. 27, s. 28A, s. 29, ibid.
- ^ s. 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28A, 29, ibid.
- ^ a b Art. 29, Law No. 19 of 2002
- ^ Reformation of article 12 (August 22, 2010) Copyright Law of 12 January 1970
- ^ Art. 16, ibid.
- ^ s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83
- ^ s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000
- ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924
- ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 21, Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 16/12/1911
- ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(3), Copyright Ordinance 1924
- ^ Art. 25, Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941, as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996
- ^ a b Art. 27, ibid.
- ^ s. 25, s. 32ter, ibid.
- ^ s. 10, Copyright Act 1993
- ^ Art. 51(2), Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970, as amended in 2006
- ^ Art. 54(1), ibid.
- ^ Art. 53(1), ibid.
- ^ Art. 57, ibid.
- ^ Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992, as amended
- ^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996
- ^ s. 23(2)1, Copyright Act, 2001
- ^ s. 23(2), ibid.
- ^ s. 23, ibid.
- ^ a b Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, discussed at: Paul Karl Lukacs (3 August 2007). "Everything You’ve Ever Wanted To Know About the North Korean Copyright Act". The Nomad Lawyer. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ Art. 36, Copyright Act of 30 December 1989
- ^ a b Art. 38, ibid.
- ^ Art. 40, ibid.
- ^ | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights
- ^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997
- ^ Section 93, "Lao People's Democratic Republic Intellectual Property Laws") (PDF).
- ^ Art. 36, Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
- ^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993
- ^ Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
- ^ Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)
- ^ Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999
[Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928 - ^ Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003)
[Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994) - ^ Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001
[Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972] - ^ Art. 21(1), Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999
- ^ Art. 23, ibid.
- ^ Art. 106, ibid.
- ^ Arts. 148 & 155, ibid.
- ^ Art. 21(3), ibid.
- ^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 as amended
- ^ Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propriété littéraire et artistique
- ^ s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989
- ^ s. 17, Copyright Act 1987
- ^ Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM
- ^ s. 4(2), Copyright Act, 2000
- ^ UNESCO Culture Sector
- ^ s. 12, Copyright Act 1997
- ^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (2003)
- ^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)
- ^ Art. 9, Decreto que reforma, adiciona y deroga disposiciones de diversas leyes relacionadas con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, and the fourth transitional provision of the same, making the change from 50 pma to 75 pma non-retroactive.
- ^ § 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35
- ^ Art. 17, Law No. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994
- ^ Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993
- ^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
- ^ a b Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
- ^ Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d’auteur et droits voisins
- ^ Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001
- ^ s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997
- ^ s. 3(2)(a), ibid.
- ^ a b s. 3(2)(b), ibid.
- ^ a b s. 3, ibid.
- ^ "The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)". Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Culture. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995
- ^ Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995
- ^ "Copy right law BES 2010" (in (Dutch)). Wetten.overheid.nl. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ s. 22(1), Copyright Act 1994
- ^ s. 22(2), ibid.
- ^ s. 22, ibid.
- ^ Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)
- ^ Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
- ^ a b c Schedule I, Copyright Act (Cap. 68) 1990
- ^ a b s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961[dead link]
- ^ "Articles 26 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ "Articles 26-30 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ a b s. 18, Copyright Ordinance 1962, as amended to year 2000
- ^ s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003
- ^ Art. 42, Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994
- ^ s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000
- ^ Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
- ^ Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996
- ^ s. 213.1, Intellectual Property Code
- ^ s. 213.5, ibid.
- ^ s. 214, ibid.
- ^ Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000
- ^ Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights, as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997
- ^ s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002
- ^ Art. 27, Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996
- ^ "Article 1281 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Article 6 of Federal Law 231
- ^ s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995
- ^ "Copyright Act, 2003". Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ a b s. 9(1), ibid.
- ^ s. 8(4), ibid.
- ^ s. 10(1), ibid.
- ^ s. 8, 9, 10, ibid.
- ^ WIPO (2012-04-02). "Copyright Act 1998". Wipo.int. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Art. 36, Legge n. 8 del 25 gennaio 1991
- ^ "Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ "Loi 2008-09 du 25-01-2008 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-26.
- ^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930
- ^ s. 9(1)(i), Copyright Act, revised edition 1991
- ^ s. 9(1)(ii), (v), ibid.
- ^ s. 9(1)(iv), ibid.
- ^ See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore.
- ^ Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
- ^ s. 28(2), Copyright Act
- ^ s. 28(3), (6), ibid.
- ^ s. 92, 93, ibid.
- ^ s. 94, 95, ibid.
- ^ s. 96, ibid.
- ^ s. 28, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, ibid.
- ^ § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003
- ^ Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995
- ^ s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138)
- ^ s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act, 1978
- ^ s. 3(2)(c), (d), (e), (f), ibid.
- ^ Art. 26
- ^ Art. 30, ibid.
- ^ a b c d "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACT, No. 36 OF 2003". PARLIAMENT OF SRI LANKA. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
- ^ s. 13(2), Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996
- ^ s. 13(3)(a), (c), ibid.
- ^ Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
- ^ a b Art. 43, Act 1960:729, as modified by Act 1995:1273
- ^ Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur par. 2
- ^ Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M., M.A. "BGE 124 III 266". Servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Art. 39, Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur
- ^ a b Art. 32, ibid.
- ^ Art. 22, Law No. 12/2001
- ^ Art. 25, ibid.
- ^ Art. 30, Copyright Act
- ^ Arts. 33, 34, ibid.
- ^ Art. 30, ibid.
- ^ Art. 35, ibid.
- ^ s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999
- ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
- ^ Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins
- ^ s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)
- ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997
- ^ Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36
- ^ Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951
- ^ Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan
- ^ Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004
- ^ s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002
- ^ s. 12, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995
- ^ "British music industry hails extension of copyright term, 12 September 2011". BPI.co.uk.
- ^ Stanley, Bob (September 15, 2011). "Copyright extension: good for Cliff and the Beatles, bad for the little guys?". Guardian News & Media. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ Phillips, Jeremy (October 11, 2012). "Copyright term extension: here's the new Directive". The 1709 Blog. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ s. 12, 13, ibid.
- ^ See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States by Peter B. Hirtle.
- ^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(a)
- ^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(c)
- ^ 17 U.S.C. § 304
- ^ 17 U.S.C. § 305
- ^ Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
- ^ Article IV 2(a), ibid.
- ^ Article IV 3, ibid.
- ^ Art. 14, Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937
- ^ Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996
- ^ "N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore". Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Art. 25, Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993
- ^ Arts. 25, 26, 27, ibid.
- ^ s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994
- ^ Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
- ^ s. 5(3), 6(3)(a), Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1)
- ^ s. 6(3)(b), ibid.
- ^ s. 16(2), ibid.
- ^ s. 17(2), s. 18(2), ibid.
- ^ s. 6, 16, 17, 18, ibid.
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