Comparison of programming languages (strings) Komputer Sains 464 pasar.pts-ptn.net

Perbandingan -- programming languages (strings)

Programming language comparisons
General comparison Basic syntax Basic instructions Arrays Associative arrays String operations String functions List comprehension Object-oriented programming Object-oriented constructors Database access
Evaluation strategy Daftar/Tabel -- "Hello World" programs
ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60 ALGOL 60: Comparisons with other languages Perbandingan -- ALGOL 68 and C++ ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages Compatibility of C and C++ Perbandingan -- Pascal and Borland Delphi Perbandingan -- Object Pascal and C Perbandingan -- Pascal and C Perbandingan -- Java and C++ Perbandingan -- C# and Java Perbandingan -- C# and Visual Basic .NET Perbandingan -- Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET
Web application frameworks Perbandingan -- the Java and .NET platforms

Concatenation

Different languages use different symbols for the concatenation operator. Many languages use the "+" symbol, though several deviate from this.

Operator	Languages
+	ALGOL 68, BASIC, C++, C#, Pascal, Object Pascal, Eiffel, Go, JavaScript, Java, Python, Turing, Ruby, Windows PowerShell, Objective-C, F#
++	Haskell, Erlang
$+	mIRC Scripting Language
&	Ada, AppleScript, Curl, Seed7, VHDL, Visual Basic, Excel, FreeBASIC
nconc	Common Lisp
.	Perl (before version 6), PHP, and Maple (up to version 5), Autohotkey
~	Perl 6 and D
\|\|	Icon, Standard SQL, PL/I, Rexx, and Maple (from version 6)
<>	Mathematica
..	Lua
,	J programming language, Smalltalk
^	OCaml, Standard ML, F#, rc
//	Fortran

Awk uses the empty string: two expressions adjacent to each other are concatenated. This is called juxtaposition. Unix shells have a similar syntax. Rexx uses this syntax for concatenation including an intervening space.
C allows juxtaposition for string literals, however, for strings stored as character arrays, the strcat function must be used.
MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y.
Visual Basic Versions 1 to 6 can also use the "+" sign but, this leads to ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number is added together.
Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".

This section compares styles for declaring a string literal.

Syntax	Language(s)
@"Hello, world!"	C#, F#
"Hello, world!"	Java, JavaScript, FreeBASIC
r"Hello, world!"	Python
'Hello, world!'	Pascal, Object Pascal, PHP, Perl, Windows PowerShell, JavaScript
`Hello, world!`	Go, Smalltalk

Syntax	Language(s)
"I said "Hello, world!""	C, C++, C#, F#, Java, Ocaml, Python, JavaScript, Mathematica
"I said `"Hello, world!`""	Windows Powershell
"I said ^"Hello, world!^""	REBOL
"I said, %"Hello, World!%""	Eiffel
!"I said "Hello, world!""	FreeBASIC

Syntax	Language(s)
"I said ""Hello, world!"""	Ada, ALGOL 68, Excel, Fortran, Visual Basic, FreeBASIC, COBOL
'I said ''Hello, world!'''	Fortran, rc

Syntax	Language(s)
qq(I said "Hello, world!")	Perl
%Q(I said "Hello, world!") %(I said "Hello, world!")	Ruby
{I said "Hello, world!"}	REBOL

Syntax	Language(s)
<<EOF I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them EOF	Perl, PHP, Ruby
@" I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them "@	Windows Powershell
"[ I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them ]"	Eiffel
""" I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them """	CoffeeScript

Syntax	Variant name	Language(s)
′I said ′′Hello, world!′′.′	Double quoting	Smalltalk
'I said ''Hello, world!''.'	Double quoting	Pascal, Object Pascal, SQL standard
"""Hello, world!"""	Triple quoting	Python
13HHello, world!	Hollerith notation	Fortran 66
(indented with whitespace)	Indented with whitespace and newlines	YAML